Showing avatars of post author is a very common and popular task. In WordPress, to retrieve avatar for post author, just easily use this code within Loop:
<?php echo get_avatar(get_the_author_meta('user_email'), 64); ?>
Change 64 to another size if you want. The function get_avatar has 4 parameters:
get_avatar($id_or_email, $size, $default, $alt);
where $default is url for an image, defaults to the "Mystery Man"; $alt is alternate text for the avatar.
In WordPress template, within Loop, to get author ID, use get_the_author_id() function (for WP 2.7 or lower, deprecated in WP 2.8); to get author email, use get_the_author_meta('user_email') (for WP and later).
If you want to get avatar for comment author, use this code:
<?php echo get_avatar($comment, 64); ?>
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